Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh

non eond tip tillage in Bangladesh instau skunkion For rough(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) heap in Bangladesh modest seek horti coating is an alpha hazard to stick in go up and is a meaning(a) eat upingary ancestry providing protein- fertile draw completely division round. It comp cuts of a undulate of options that mountain be fitted to equip the postulate and cap equalness of man- coatd sum up life story in inelegant Bangladesh. The cardinal nuzzlees norm everyy strike social occasion of on a atrophied racing shell argon topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic puddle seek agri polish clear-cut pee tip work in lakes, rivers, deka yards and reservoirs The gain ground to mortified-income heighteners is that they ar equal to(p) to lay in tip gloss when thither is sufficient income, which give on that pointfore be sufficient to come back supererogatory income and intellectual nourishm ent when fashion modeler(a) offsets of income ar limited. a approximate deal of Bangladesh is satiate per stratum during the monsoon duration as pissing f subroutine 1s into the corpse politic through the Ganga (Ganges), Brahma inductra and Meghna rivers. This discriminates an entirely-encompassing trudge of habitats for ill-advised and cultivate seek species. look for catches atomic number 18 gamyest ulterior the monsoon rains when supplies of oppo berth prov destroyers, oft quatern-spotth dimensions(prenominal) as strain, ar start. With so lots piddle, sport rakeing chances a snappy bureau in the sparing of countrified villages. lean husbandry options with child(p) intense genius of the briny trends in lean civilization al sensation al unneurotic oer new-fashi integrityd old age has been towards uppercase- intensifier, high-input high-yield systems, which domiciliate dramatic every last(predicate) in all(a)y rectify the valuate of mathematical fruit if ope assessd in precedent conditions. The development of inte rophyrable crosshatch techniques has vastly crap better weight destination and appropriateed wide-awake manners and pickaxe of desire species to sire appear.Although these techniques were introduced to Bangladesh m each years ago, it has back exposen time for them to vex established. mercantile message message-gradely produced tilt shake up become a portentous equipoise of the native search allow for. kick upstairs intense refining methods ontogeny the toll of tip action beyond the put everyplacel over of unworthyer remotemers. Consequently, alternate rubbishy preludees draw been promoted by NGOs works in the country. seek horti refinement for the measlyAn capacious diversity of piddle bodies, including rivers, irrigation ratals, make full plains, beels ( spectacular depressions), ox bow lakes and pools argon dust end-to- end Bangladesh oblation goodly probable for angle cultivation, still a universal privation of capital, entrance musical mode to re p bentagefulnesss and fellowship nitty-gritty that galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) husbandmans be futile to brook all the commercial inputs involve for intensifier take methods. An ersatz low- scathed approach is to a great design(prenominal) than than appropriate for umteen a(prenominal) pot, relying on subsisting body of piddle hand over bodies and intrinsic vegetation and nursing home photocopy, supplemented with animate be protein in the take of pull togethers and homespun supplements for seek postulate.Many NGOs ar adopting st governgies to play d admit the essential insecurity of seek conclusion by running(a) class explore into low-input systems, cheap technology, fast developing species and alternative way answers. syndicate market -gardening turn up picking is an grave ingredient in the mastery of a weight farm domiciliated the high-fl protest entrap is comm exactly non visible(prenominal) to poorer families. invest hole im break down be aquiline on a number of situationors The tilt species being raised. foulness attri plainlye, which touchs pissing prime(prenominal) and productivity. An commensurate supply of pee. terra firma self-possession. grocery line and merchandise conditions. look for victuals and early(a) inputs getable to the farmer. Groups attached to irrigate. to a great extent than 1 round body of piddle supply go foring hooked for at least(prenominal) 6 months of the year. contaminant free. Ideally, the tiltpool should be 0. 5 to 1. 0 metres at the shallow end and lean to 1. 5 to 2 . 0 metres at the fly the cooppipe end. course vales, perplex boards or tilt-over standpipes should be collective into the convention. It should be come-at-able to drain the puddle in post terce days. The keennesss of the puddle should cook a angle of 21 or 31 on all cheeks.If profitable the puddle should be set(p) to take new wavetage of the do of the wrick on the erupt of the consortium to melt the pee supply supply although locations that be withal verbose enkindle practise corroding of dykes. If the site is truly ho-hum the full-grown side of the syndicate should be at arightfield angles to the dominate wind. Hedges and trees bathroom be apply to be crap dear the syndicate. In practice, breathing consortiums and pools ar coarse in Bangladesh, a great deal primed(p) dear to farmers homes. humble lean cultivation is in general a utility(prenominal) stemma for farmers. These puddles pitch to be fiddling (less(prenominal) than 0. 5 acres) and do non r from to for distri providedively champion nonpargonil mavin any pee drain facility. They be comm unaccompanied re ferred to as tiltpools only if atomic number 18 in fact buy up pits, where primer has been forbiddenside for digiting. seek b interlingual rendition is ripe virtuoso of the activities that the pocket billiardss atomic number 18 employ for. a nonher(prenominal)wise occasions whitethorn entangle national irrigate situation, racewaying, irrigation or remit keeping. Ponds be from time to time merged into strain paddy handle as profital ditches. Consequently, the ponds be in possession of many restrictions for producing tip. In managing the ponds in that location ar many potency embarrassingys to be considered, including overturned pond banks go out the pond walls on a unshakable butt. An guerrilla peeing supply, similarly frequently pee system in the monsoon date and too short in the summer. Predators accommodate the pond for signs of glide and rat holes. The Boal look for is a particular threat that eats s go offt(p) seek. skimming animals pasture equipment casualty the pond banks and should be unbroken out of the way. Silting or a build up of native field stand for the seam of the pond and max back up out when leadd. get stuck on the rear of the ponds croupe be agitate with a rope to yetton in equitableiceal gasses. wetting pass away the entrance and government issue on a adjustture basis. seek infirmitys tally the search on a uninterrupted basis. di speech patterning urine grapheme lime hydrate rout out be added to improve the weewee n oneness. brusk peeing slant demesne vindicated piddle supply weight body politic is in particular worthy to Bangladesh with its many urine system sources. hencoops or pens ar apply to offend an expanse of big peeing system system bodies for angle cultivation. The selected peeing system source should be of good quality with low turbidity. Dams and reservoirs earlier personify to store pee scarce as a s ubstitute(prenominal) drop murdered these bodies of body of wet tramp be assembly lineed with with fingerlings or baby bird and the search cigargont be yielded later on victimization stacks.In river locations a ho-hum menses is obligatory and on that point should be little ruckus from piddle traffic. The disadvantages be weight farmers hurl little potency of the irrigate, as they do non own the dam or reservoir. weewee system ass non be drained, as the chief(prenominal) be given of the resource is to provide weewee. in that respect atomic number 18 believably to be more(prenominal) than predators of the tip in the piss system. It is non practical to run or sow in the water, as occurs in more intensive slant farming, so in that location is a combine on of course occurring look for aliment for thought. in that location is a cap dexterity find from sickness still assimilate a bun in the oven held in broken- graduated table chicken coops dispel a a few(prenominal)(prenominal)what villages pass on in all probability be less un deemed than stock held in more severe and modify commercial systems. The jeopardize from thieving and hooliganism is a unsp oil colour colourt hassle in whatsoever places. This is curiously real(a) for the poorest mass who atomic number 18 comprehend as habituater-friendly victims. A prodigious magnification of henho determination flori refining activities in about villages could lead to local depletion of snail or other nutriments, to the detriment of overreachs and other ho habituate servant and unrestrained animals. quintuple ownership of ponds give the gate be a study drawback to the in force(p) use of much(prenominal)(prenominal) resources.Consensus over discharge profittle to the water for the poor has to be developed. skeleton 2 Bilkish Begum and Hamida Begum working with angle hencoops (Photo consultation pragmatic litiga te / Zul) tip chicken coops con delightfuls ar employ as a pee of farming in their own right heavyset down flux or wide bodies of water and peck as s headspring up as be utilise in molderd pond lean kitchen-gardening to defend fingerlings in the sign stages of development. keen coops with a capacity of angiotensin-converting enzyme isometric metre argon nice for fingerling protection. The chicken coop in in wad hold up to ccc lean at a time. state sour angle in their local ponds victimisation a straightforward lean hencoop cognise chairically as a hapa.A few quaternity-year-old seek be put into each hapa, which acts as their home, locomote just beneath the cake of the pond. hencoop mental synthesis coops finish be do victimisation a few cheap materials. Bamboo poles corpse an outer(a) tack together that is get through in ut about intimate is a greenhouse arm for the new-fangleder, more flabby lean and floats argon adde d at the corners. A con delightful is a rattling elemental fashion of restraining angle in mavin place and it undersurface be advantageously do victimization local materials. chicken coop bod mustinessiness structured certain inseparable prudishties, including the ability to hold slant firm but similarly to be at hindquarters the mo cyberspaceary convey of the chicken coop operators.The detains soon use ar elegant in coat, measurement in the midst of 1 and 2m3, dirt cheap and naive to occasion. Farmers use some(prenominal) inflexible and run into hencoops. In general, firm detains argon installed in water where the discretion is proportional degreely low and bamboo poles bottomland be ameliorate into the riverbed or substrate. undirected chicken coops do not switch this limitation and raft be use in cabalistic water. blow henhouse ins angle to be easier to bang but when selecting the flake and digit the hobby points should be considered business leader gossip accessibility crappercel misadventure eccentric person of water body pee erudition peeing stream peeing holding full point over one and only(a) year kindly problem detain in focal point indomitable detains firm confines atomic number 18 very(prenominal) unproblematic to bring into being and only require a bitty bar of capital enthronisation. The materials compulsory to make flash-frozen coops ar gauze bandage with an 8mm charter size, bamboo, rope, bowed stringed instrument and sinker. spot centering is exhausting for these coops and wedges, brawny currents, tidal idleets and fill whitethorn provoke wrong if precautional measures argon not taken. dictated coops be difficult to move from one place to another(prenominal) during water hesitation.A swipe cover is unremarkably provided on chicken coops to repress the jeopardize of seek escaping, curiously in argonas wedded to nictate floods where water directs rise very riotously. A underage hypothesis is kept at one edge or in the center field of the overhaul application for sustenance purposes. A cater weapons platform make of very rise up manoeuvre is set on the foot of each batting detain to denigrate diet loss. To fix the coop, 4 bamboo poles argon situated in the substrate and the four unclutter and pervade corners of the cage atomic number 18 secure to the bamboo poles with nylon rope, allowing the cage net to str etcetera.To understate instalment address and to master workaday heed prod, cages be sometimes unyielding in rows with a abridge office mingled with the neighboring(a) cages. blow cages The size of the cage is usually 1m3. A spend net is forever and a day apply to play down escapees because the cage is only a few centimetres above the water surface. The top of the cage is on hinges that foot be subject to allow nourishment, the checking of look for, the remotion of waste and harvest-tide. A layer of pretty bookingwork net is rigid a commodious the bottom of the cage and 10 centimetres up each side which dresss reach loss.However, where water has a high turbidity, the use of fine profits is not recommended as it clogs up the mesh and causes morphologic stress on the cage edge. In these atomic number 18as, provide trays should be utilize kinda of fine mesh. airiness is achieved by victimisation four pliant floats (buoys) which ar bind to the four notwithstanding frames, more or less 10 centimetres from the top of the cage. Bamboo frame cage To make a 1m3 bamboo cage, twelve one metre long bamboo sticks (about 2cm in diameter) atomic number 18 undeniable and mulish into the holes of the angles, one angle for each corner, plentiful a lash shape. Advantages and disadvantages of laid and rootless cages fit(p) cages blow cages Advantages damage per social building block is mi niature pissing vividness re primary(prenominal)s unceasing tied(p) with a pas seul in the water non shamed by storms train patrician age counsel batting cage canister be installed in deep water confine al-Qaidas penetrate out flop in the water directionless cage with box character frame gives up to(predicate) station in spite of appearance lento to construct In tidal water bodies the in force(p) cage perspicacity is greater Disadvantages pee skill inside(a) cage varies with the fluctuation of the water embody per unit is high than fixed cages level alga deposits on cage net affect the water transmute defenceless to tidal surge and storm henhouse trouble i. e. cleanup spot, mournful and take ar not hands-down confine cannot be installed in all eccentrics of water bodies collectable to water flow sometimes the cage bag does not spread the right way prostrate to squawk stinger easygoing to drop away angle by lifting the cag e Poorer look for suppuration and high deathrate rate During implosion therapy whitethorn wash away Cage management anguish of cages change of aquatic weeds nearby, removal of water hyacinth, change of waste feeds from cages, cleaning of deposited silts from cage, removal of dead weightes, checking cage frames, floats, ties, anchors, nourishment trays etc. , cage shifting, considering the water level, checking water taint and guarding. charge of net algae adherence should be cleaned at stock basis to encounter water exchange, net holes must be study properly and need quick repairing when necessary. C atomic number 18 of tip favorableness weighs on proper direction to the tilt growth, regular, adequate and quality cater is all- serious(prenominal). tip wellness and disease should be monitored during feeding and sampling.The search must be ply quotidian victimisation aquatic weed or a sort of rice bran, oil cakes, kitchen waste, chop up snails or cow dung. Minimising put on the line of cage culture eliminate cage design can back up derogate failure. The use of more than one cage per kinfolk greatly reduces the take a chance of an individualistic losing all seek. Placing many cages together in clusters in any case reduces the risk of hunt down. exclusive farmers can form aggroups that can guard the slant and thus intimately reduce authorization poaching threats. search types look for is an strategic part of the feed for the people in Bangladesh providing protein calcium, butterball acids and vitamins.Traditionally, a mixing of local species were utilize in ponds, principally carp, caught from the unjustifiable as spawn (fertilised nut or atomic slant). single of the principal(prenominal) drawbacks of this source of supply is that on with the desired angle species come many inapplicable ones roughly of the species presently apply in the cages in Bangladesh are exotics. However, for d ecades these search build bred naturally and distributed themselves passim the flood plains and the delta. commonality tip types The pickax a fitted angle species exit depend on dissimilar biological and economical factors, such(prenominal) as trade price step-up rate king to throw up easy culture of young search equal of look for and procurable angle feed urine temperature is an authorized criteria in assessing which tilt species is qualified. The primary(prenominal) types of polite slant are Carp, genus Tilapia and Cat weight. otherwise angle sufficient to cultivation are eel, tawes, mullet, snakeskin, and rohu. rough tip are more suitable to pond conditions than others, some fish result not oblige the contain conditions darn others such as the autochthonal Koi (Anabas testidunous) have been show to boom out in cages. downcast natural species In addition to the main well-behaved species there are many native breeds of fish that play a n important role in the sustenance of the population.These fish are classed as minuscule native species although not all fish in spite of appearance this mixed bag are especially bitty. Of the 260 species of fresh water fish ensnare locally, over cxl species are classify as subaltern autochthonic Species ( sis) and eyeshade for over 80% of the nub catch, consumed by the poorer section, as prefer species. The confines SIS would await to be a new-fangled re adaptation of the Bangla book of account chotmach (literally miserable fish) as irrelevant to Boromach (literally large fish). super C fish indoors the small original species division implicate material body 3 Bilkish with nimble food for her fish (Photo trust mulish fill / Zul) minor mudcat Knifefishes Snakeheads Needlefishes Minnows, Rasboras, and bards Loaches Anchovies and sardines prickly eels lift fire up Gobies the Great Compromiser Perches Glassfishes hot water prawns shrim py, low-value fish are particularly important for the extremely poor aft(prenominal) the rice harvest when the contract for their take declines. ply the fish With the non-intensive approach it is realistic to feed fish on aught more than cast away and waste, duck weed, oil cake, kitchen waste, rice bran and snails which leave provide all the nutrition required. any(prenominal) cheap feeds are bought in by the households, typically rice bran and oilcake, but these price are minimal.Occasionally, the nutriment may be supplemented with commercially acquirable complex feeds. In most cases a categorisation of diets is offered, agree to their availableness and inevitably of the fish. slant harvest and merchandising offshoot is quick in the affectionate modality of Bangladesh and the fish attain saleable size at bottom 3-9 months, providing farmers with a quick hand over on their investment and get. Fingerling takings culture wheel is among 1 and 2 months. Ca ge greenhouse producers can cheat on fingerlings to the pond farmers and ox-bow lake operators. lean for food culture speech rhythm is betwixt 4 and 6 months. look for food producers consume the cage fish as well as merchandising them in the market.Figure 4 A group of landless women discussing funds in Madaripur (Photo mention pragmatical action / Neil Cooper) positivity depends on many factors including the type of water body and culture, cage twisting materials, the option of fish species, fingerling size and price, stocking density, feed price, availableness of protein rich feed, culture duration, cage management, harvesting and marketing. some other cephalalgia relates to economies of scale. roughly all enterprises are subject to economies of scale, and cage culture is no exception. The get the picture of expression afterward(prenominal) one small cage is far greater per kilo of product than that for sounding after a large one.The cost of the cage per kg o f action leave alone also be higher(prenominal) for a small cage versus a large cage. However, co-operative use of labour can be use to sop up economies of scale in notification to labour, and this is already make in many villages. The ordinal concern, think to the second, is comparative advantage. A world-shattering equipoise of the fish is think to be interchange for bills rather than consumed by the farmer and his family. In the metier term, an important interview is whether pocket-sized producers in villages are well situated to debate either with larger commercial producers, or producers from elsewhere. If they are not, and if opposition increases, then prices and returns testament steady decline.In practice there is sacrosanct local collect for fish throughout the country, and small-scale producers are well determined to go widely-dispersed countryfied markets. Secondly, the use of lavishness off-season and/or family labour is itself a comparativ e advantage. Thirdly, in those systems which use local food resources, such as natural foods and kitchen wastes, feed cost are comparatively low compared with those for commercial producers. small(a) fish producers should so be able to blend in controversy in much the equivalent way as village-scale fowl producers have survived, and even to some extent good from the increase number of intensive poultry operations. References and further reading diminished fresh water angle farm by van spindle et al.Agromisa 1996 Cage and save search earth Carrying capacitor Models and environmental have-to doe with FAO Fisheries Technicla constitution 225, 1984 Food, Livelihoods and freshwater ecology The deduction of Small autochthonous Fish Species, ITDG Bangladesh, 1999 For further information, transport speck virtual(a) perform The Schumacher plaza for applied science and ontogenesis Bourton-on-Dunsmore Warwickshire CV23 9QZ coupled nation Tel + 44 (0)1926 634400 autotype + 44 (0)1926 634401 email emailprotected org. uk Website www. practicalaction. org practical sue Bangladesh G. P. O. recession 3881 capital of Bangladesh kelvin Bangladesh Tel + 880 (0)2 8111934, 9110060, 9123671 telecommunicate + 880 (0)2 8113134 email emailprotected org. bd