Gender Roles And Gender Development - 1598 Words

Gender and sex are not synonymous, although they are often used interchangeably. Sex is a biological term and defined as â€Å"the categories of male or female of the sum total of biological attributes on which this distinction is based within a species† (Colman, 2009). Gender, however is a social construct and consists of gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation / preference. Gender identity is â€Å"a sense of awareness, usually beginning in infancy, continuing through childhood, and reaching maturing in adolescence, of being male or female, or of the gender associated with one’s biological sex†. Gender role is defined as â€Å"a set of behaviour patterns, attitudes, and personality characteristics stereotypically perceived as masculine or feminine within a culture† (Colman, 2009). Understanding gender development is important because the perception of gender identity affects the roles individuals play in society. If the reason behind the gend er differences can be understood, they can be minimised to develop a more gender equal society. Also, research into gender development has real world applications. In many aspects of psychological research, gender differences can affect results. This can be reduced through gender equality. This essay will focus on the development of gender identity and the role nature and nurture play in it; specifically the role of genetics and cognitive gender development / social learning theory. The nature-nurture debate is one of the oldest issues inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Role Development787 Words   |  4 PagesGender Role Development I am a man, or maybe Im a male, no wait I am a guy, although my parents still call me a boy, unless you ask an old person then I am a young man. Frankly, I dont know, understand, or care what I am because most importantly Im me. My generation has numerous problems and some of the most pressing issues involve sex and gender. It appears we have some confusion on whos what and why, and I can see why this confusion exists we have some males wearing womens apparelRead MoreThe Role Of Roles Of The Formation And Development Of Gender Roles959 Words   |  4 Pages Although environment does play an important role in the formation and development of gender roles, it is not the only influence of gender roles. Biology also plays an important part in the determination of gender roles. In 1978, Braggio et al gathered data on the topic of cross specie observational study on the comparisons of the behavior of children, juvenile chimpanzees, and juvenile orangutans (Jarvis 269). The results showed a consistency of males performing a higher RT (physically vigorousRead MoreGender Roles Of Early Childhood Development932 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles in Early Childhood Development In a society filled with gender stereotypes, children often adopt gender roles as they move from childhood to adolescence because of the many factors that influence their views to the point they will deny certain roles because it does not fit the gender bias. During the early years, boys and girls will usually be drawn towards gender specific activities. Playing house for example, they little boy will imitate going to work, while the little girl will imitateRead MoreDiscuss the Role of Hormones and/or Genes in Gender Development809 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the role of hormones and/or genes in gender development. (8 + 16 marks) Biological sex is determined by genes, which are on chromosomes. Humans generally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair of which determines sex. Females have an XX pair while males have an XY pair. Chromosomal sex largely controls how masculine or feminine the eggs development will be. Chromosomal sex controls whether an embryo will develop ovaries or testes. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome which only malesRead MoreDescribe the Role of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development794 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"Describe the role of genes and hormones in gender development† Biological sex is determined by chromosomes in your genes. At prenatal development, only a few weeks after conception, there is no notable difference between male and female structure until the Gonadal Ridges, the structure which develops either female or male sex organs, grows to determine the sex of the baby. All prenatal babies have genitalia that appears distinctly feminine until at three months, hormones- testosterone if theRead MoreVictorian Era Gender Roles and the Development of Women’s Football in England1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of women’s football in Britain during the 19th century illustrates the transformation of gender roles in British culture in the context of Victorian era values and women’s football: â€Å"‘The Cultures of sport in Britain have been distinctively male, rooted in masculine values and patriarchal exclusiveness’† Through the introduction of female football into British society the system of Vict orian values were challenged by expanding gender roles. The institution of women’s soccer in theRead MoreThe Role Of Parental Sexual Orientation On Children s Gender Development1767 Words   |  8 Pagesstructure on children’s development. Findings are presented on a sample of 20 gay father families, 20 lesbian mother families and 20 heterosexual parent families who have a child of age 4-6 years. Natural observations in a lab environment recorded children’s tendency to choose gender specific, non-gender specific or neutral toys. Comparisons in toy choice were made between children of gay-, lesbian- and same-sex parents. Overall, children from heterosexual families showed greater gender stereotyping thanRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Gender Role Development1379 Words   |  6 Pagescontrast two theories of gender role development A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will include, Kohlberg‘sRead MoreGender Socialization Of Children : Gendered Toys, Media, And Parental Affects Child Development1289 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Gender role expectations are inescapable in our society as we naturally tend to sort humans into categories, the easiest one being gender. Upon first meeting a person, most people automatically classify the other’s gender. With this classification come the inevitable gender role expectations. Even for those who consciously try their hardest not to cloud their perceptions of others based on â€Å"traditional† gender role expectations, it is almost impossible not to subconsciously succumb to theseRead MoreGender Development: Social or Biological1658 Words   |  7 PagesIn a variety of contexts, the word gender is used to describe the masculinity or femininity of words, persons, characteristics, or non-human organisms (Wikipedia, 2006). More specific to psychology, gender role is a term used to describe the normal behavior associated with a given gender status. Those that do not follow this customary role given to their particular gender are said to have an atypical gend er role. A person who has normal male genitalia and identifies himself as a man will usually

An Article The Fortune 100 And Their Fitness And Wellness...

gender equality, good and flexible work organization permitting better reconciliation of working and personal life, lifelong learning, health and safety at work, employee involvement and diversity in working life.† (2012) . In an article The Fortune 100 and their Fitness and Wellness Programs, we can find the examples of such managerial attitude. For instance, Walmart provides its 1.1 million associates and family members with health care plans with access to affordable, comprehensive medical coverage. Exxon-Mobil fitness discount program allows employees, retirees and their families to join top-rated health clubs at substantially discounted rates (2015). Creating a safe workplace is a matter of great importance. Abraham Maslow defines safety needs as â€Å"security†¦ and freedom from fear, from anxiety and chaos.† He argues that â€Å"practically everything looks less important than safety and protection† (1954, p.39). Unfortunately, job security has become an issue today. Dorie Clark cites in her article the words of Jacob Morgan, a co-founder of the Future of Work Community, â€Å"Job security is a complete myth, as is long-term employment. Companies lay off employees in droves†¦by the thousands! They just make sweeping cuts when they need to† (2014). Evidently, job insecurity negatively affects job satisfaction. Some studies suggest that living with job insecurity – the fear of losing your job – can be more harmful to your health than actually losing it† (n.d.) Therefore, employmentShow MoreRelatedHr Strategy : Employee Wellness1295 Words   |  6 PagesHR Strategy – Employee Wellness Corporations all over the world are focusing on employee wellness. Areas of focus are physical, emotional, financial, career or a combination of them. The strategy behind the focus would be employees that are happier and healthier. Employee are more productive and engaged as a result of these benefits being offered. The company that I work for has adopted these strategic practices. They have been promoting a physically healthier lifestyle for years. They have corporateRead MoreHow to Write a Business Report Essay18530 Words   |  75 Pagesindependent specialists? †¢ Why has the northern region consistently outperformed the other three ofï ¬ ces? †¢ Are we happy with our existing software, or could rival packages do a better job? †¢ Should we use some of our scarce resources to set up an in-house ï ¬ tness facility? †¢ Are existing government broadcasting regulations on censorship adequate? Analytical or persuasive reports may be short (e.g. a memo or letter) or long, depending on the scope of the problem they seek to address. Communicating in theRead MoreCoca Col The Rise Of Potential Taxes Of Soda2352 Words   |  10 Pagesmany initiatives to make an impact on the world communities. In 2010, Coca Cola established a partnership with Mango farmers in Uganda and Kenya and created an initiative to increase the management skills of millions of women entrepreneurs. These programs aimed towards increasing wages for 50,000 farmers in the area, and creating sustainable businesses. Coca Cola saw that a recent production barrier in Kenya and Uganda that led mango farmers to face market challenges. This was an opportunity to sourceRead MoreHow The Strategic Application Of Hr Practices Improves Corporate Success5708 Words   |  23 Pagesover 25 years. Their Trust Index Employee Survey is taken by over 10 million employees annually worldwide (Wehner, 2015). They work with all types of businesses in 45 countries on all six continents (Wehner, 2015). They also produce the annual Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work for list. Needless to say, they are an authority on establishing criteria for a great place to work. The criteria they use is centered on day-to-day relationships that employees experience. The criteria is broken down intoRead MoreAn Analysis of Actual Policies and Procedures of Publix Super Markets5062 Words   |  21 Pageshas won numerous awards: Employees’ Choice-50 Best Places to Work (Glassdoor), 100 Best Companies to Work For (Fortune) , 100 Best Companies for Minorities (Fortune), America’s Largest Private Companies (Forbes), Top 200 World’s Most Reputable Companies (Forbes), Best Companies to Work For (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution), and Employee Ownership 100 (National Center for Employee Ownership), rated first out of the 100. These are only some of the awards that have been won in the last two years aloneRead MoreHistory of Mcdonald6287 Words   |  26 Pageswith open kitchens the customers could see right through, and counters with many operational cash registers. Under a high degree of customer satisfactory contributed for business expansion, McDonald today has over than 30,000 restaurants over than 100 countries in the world and it has maintained the top position in the Fast Food Industry for the past 50 years. http://sth-about-human-resources-management.blogspot.com/2010/01/i-tried-to-give-you-theoretical-basis.html What are the functions of HRMRead MoreProject on Stress Management9684 Words   |  39 Pagesone person experiences as positive and stimulating will cause another person acute distress. â€Å"The Changing Times model† is one of the few to recognize this fact. It is also one of the few, and widely known and successfully implemented programs, which has been specifically designed to avoid both psychological jargon and an unhelpful emphasis on medical models of stress. Some people who suffer from mental disorders may be more susceptible to stress. Equally, prolonged or acute exposureRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 Pagesof Engineering Management, June 2005 †¢ A collaborative program taught by faculty from the Thayer School of Engineering and the Tuck School of Business Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering, June 2005 †¢ William F. Allyn 1958 Fellowship †¢ Jackson Award for product initiation, design, and marketing work in Introduction to Engineering †¢ GPA: 3.77 Waterville, ME Colby College Bachelor of Arts in Economics, May 2004 †¢ Dual-Degree program through Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth CollegeRead MoreCola and Pepsi Company18534 Words   |  75 Pagesfood service international was formed to focus on overseas development of restaurants, and fitness centers for the health development of the employees of the company. In 1982, PepsiCo introduced the caffeine free colas, first time in to the market. In 1983, the bottler hall of fame is established to recognize the achievement and dedication of international bottlers. In 1984, Diet Pepsi was reformulated with 100%natural sweet, slice and diet slice are also introduced in to the market. The â€Å"space cans†Read MoreProcessed Cheese and Kraft Foods30876 Words   |  124 Pagesdifferent ways. Kraft should also pay closer attention to increased consumer demand in healthy products. Once these issues are addressed Kraft should be poised to grow their revenue, and increase their market share. INTRODUCTION (ME) For over 100 years, Kraft has merged with, been purchased by and acquired other companies. They have changed names, and ultimately grown in the way that a successful corporation does. Kraft inventors continued to introduce new variations of cheese such as Velveeta

Armed and Dangerous free essay sample

For the purpose of this class, you asked us to read the book Armed and Dangerous: Memoirs of a Chicago Policewoman by Gina Gallo. I’ll be honest and admit that at first the book didn’t sound all too appealing, but it turned out to be an interesting and enjoyable read. Many of the chapters were highly interesting, taking an inside look at the duties of a Chicago police officer. Chapters dealt with illegal drugs, shady characters, brutal crimes, and other situations that police are part of every day. Gallo’s recollection of events is far more dramatic that that of other officers, but that is probably why the book was so enjoyable. Throughout the book the author takes readers on a roller coaster ride of emotion while she portrays the life of a police woman and recounts some of her days while working in the Chicago Police Department. Mrs. Gallo captured the art of telling cop stories as only one who has been in those situations can. She manages to place you in the middle of the scene and by doing so, the book provides a compelling glimpse at inner city policing. The book chronicles Gallo’s 16 years of service with the Chicago Police Department, starting with her grueling training days in the academy all the way until her career was ended in an on duty event that almost killed her. The daughter of a Chicago police officers, Gallo received a master’s degree in psychology, but financial obligations forced her into policing. Intending to work as a police therapist, she was shocked when she was assigned to the Chicago patrol division. I found it interesting that throughout the book Gallo often makes mention of uniqueness of female cops in the force. She talked about how male officers would sometimes look down upon her because she was a female and other times use it to their advantage during domestic calls and other situations. Those same feminine qualities that she was looked down upon for, actually benefitted her in the streets. The books perspective counters typical TV images of cops, as she describes the experiences of [t]hose who muddle along trying to do the right thing.   She gives devastatingly effective accounts of relations between brother officers and of trying to avoid being perceived as a bimbo with a badge or a dog cop (lazy or irredeemably greedy). While reading the book I kept imagining how difficult the job of being a police officer in Chicago and even more a female cop in the city. Over the last 30 years, the proportion of female police officers has grown steadily after some formal barriers were broken in the 1970’s. That being said women in the police force still face many issues and it is a topic for concern across the country. Policing is viewed as a male dominated profession, yet studies have shown that female officers are just as capable as males in handling situations and sometimes are even better. After her initial training was completed, Gallo was the first female recruit assigned to the rough South Side Chicago district in over three years. Many of her fellow male coworkers did not thing she would last. Little did they know that years later she would become a very decorated police officer. Page 44 of the book references how she was viewed as â€Å"a decoration† when first starting out on the job. I can only imagine that Gina was not the only female cop to be treated this way. However, more disturbing than the gender biases is the lack of professionalism within the Chicago Police Department which is discussed. I believe having a job where you see gruesome and heinous crimes on a daily basis would change a person’s attitude and perception of the public. The officers who were involved in illegal activity and simply went too far in many situations did so because they were mentally unfit and apathetic towards people and sometimes even the law. A good of example of this would be when Vince, Gina’s partner at the time, decides to confront a few kids who are spray painting a building and decides to shoot off a round while yelling and screaming orders. He eventually forces the kids to spray paint a car owned by gang members with obscene slogans. The officer’s demeanor was hostile and he used his authority in a less than correct way. This situation shows how the role of a senior officer has changed to more drastic and illegal activity instead of taking the lawful courses of action. Lastly, officers who disrespect or treat others unfairly will create a riff between groups and races. This is why cops are viewed more negatively than positively in certain geographic locations because there is unequal justice being served and those with bad character are slipping through the system. As the reader, you know that officers encounter certain situations that most people never have to see in their lifetime, but Gallo is so descriptive and detailed that you are able to visually grasp her stories. A great example of this would be the tragic ending of the book where Gallo was nearly beaten to death with a bat by a suspect. She draws the reader in with such vivid and even graceful dialogue as she describes her feelings and emotions while being beaten and treated at the hospital. It’s as if she is talking directly to you, while the event is taking place. Gallo does this successfully throughout the book and it allows you to connect and feel sympathetic for her as the story progressed. I liked how Gina was not afraid to hold anything back; she told her story the exact same way it happened without boasting or being pompous about any of it. She was gritty to the core, but she was also sincere, honest, and at times very funny. Gina wanted to open the reader’s eyes to the constant immoral and unprofessional behavior of the Chicago Police Department along with the constant stressors of the job. I admire Gina’s courageousness to write such a revealing book, and even though the book in its entirety is very sad, I would recommend it to anyone interested in true stories about policing and think it was a good addition to this class.

The Potential of London for the EURO 2012 Tournament

Introduction This report covers a mega international sporting event, which is the EURO 2012 tournament. The purpose of this report is to convince the European football Association; UEFA that London is the best host destination for the EURO 2012 tournament. The report will examine the potential that London has in hosting the event.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Potential of London for the EURO 2012 Tournament specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It examines why London is the most suitable city to host the 2012 tournament. The report focuses on the major aspects that are included in the Association’s requirements which include the infrastructure, transport, local broadcasting, marketing and hospitality. London seems to be in a position to handle this event than other countries. Ever since its inception, the EURO tournament has been an event that attracts funs across the globe traveling to the host nation and cities so as to witness the thrilling event in person. The intension of the event is to bring together European soccer teams for competition so as to determine the best teams in the region (Allen 2005:45). England has been a country that identifies with football and it has produces numerous stars in the sport. The country has hosted other major international events like the Olympics before. It therefore has the experience in handling such a huge event. The 2012 tournament is bound to attract more funs than before owing to the fact that the popularity of the sport has been growing steadily in the recent past. The report looks at the aspects of the hospitality industry in London that make it qualify as the best host city for the event. The city has well equipped ultra modern hotels that can cater for people from all walks of life and social backgrounds. The report has also covered the security measures that have been put in place so as to make such an event to be successful. The c hallenges that the country faces in its bid to host the tournament have also been high lighted. The report uses the PESTEL model to analyze the intern and external factors that are likely to affect decision making during the preparation of this Mega event. The city faces a lot of competition from cities in other countries like New Kiev and Kharkiv in Ukraine and Warsaw in Poland in the bidding process. The report however highlights the major strengths of London that makes it the most suitable host city for the tournament (Bowdin 2006:32). Methodology Various methods have been used so as to get the relevant information concerning the state of London and its level of preparedness in hosting the event. The method used in collecting the information includes the use of secondary data. Various books, journals articles and online sources on the state of London City and its capability to host the event were consulted. PESTEL analysis has been used in the analysis of the findings (Campbell 2 004:47).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondary Data Secondary data was reviewed in the collection of the relevant data. Books, journals, newsletters, reports and internet documents were reviewed so as to find the capability and the level of preparedness that the city has reached in its quest to host the event. From these sources it was quite evident that the country had the capability to host the event considering the fact that it has hosted other mega world events before like the world Olympics. Online Sources Online research was carried out. This was made possible by browsing a number of websites that are associated with the event and the state of London in comparison to other cities. The UEFA official website was particularly very significant in this research as it provided most of the information on the UEFA requirements for the host cities. A number of online books, per iodicals and magazines from management officials of the various facilities were consulted to determine their level of readiness in hosting the event. Official websites for various hotels were also visited to determine their level of preparedness in handling the influx in the number of clients that would be experienced during the event. Some of the questions to be answered during the research required the ‘yes’ and ‘no’ answers while others required a little explanation. Some of the questions included; Is London prepared to host the 2012 EURO cup event? What are some of the measures that they have put in place to tackle an influx in the number of funs that would come to watch the sport? Is there any work in progress in an attempt to refurbish the stadiums that would be used during the event? The website for the Hilton hotels in London was also visited so as to determine the level of preparedness in the hospitality industry particularly the hotels. Some of the questions to be answered included; What preparations have hotels made in anticipation for the event? Is proximity to the stadiums hosting the event of any effect to the number of clients that would visit them? Do they have ultra modern facilities that would ensure customer satisfaction? Books In an effort to determine the level of preparedness of the city to host the event, books concerning the event were also consulted. Various questions about the cities security and infrastructure were to be answered during the study. Some of the questions asked include the following; What security measures have been put in place to ensure security during the event? Would the help from other quarters be needed so as to beef up the security? Is the infrastructure around the country especially in London well developed to handle an influx in the number of road users? Journals and Reports The other sources of information included reports and journal articles. Various journals and reports were consulted in the effort to get the information on the preparation of the city concerning the matters of the EURO 2012 tournament. Information from the marketing was sought concerning the strategies that had been put in place so as to ensure that the event is well advertised. Some of the questions to be answered included; What strategies have been put in place so as to ensure that the event is well advertised? What are some of the internal and external challenges that the event is likely to encounter? What other countries and cities are likely to give competition to London when it comes to the issue of hosting this great event? Information from these methods was used in the evaluation of the strategic management theory. The findings have been used to evaluate the countries readiness to host the event (Coulter 2008:78).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Potential of London for the EURO 2012 Tournament specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Findings According to the findings, it is quite clear that the country had put measures in place that would enable London as a city to host the event without any difficulty. Before making any approval of a country’s bid to host such a mega event, UEFA has set some benchmarks to be used. For instance, a country is supposed to have at least 12 well developed high capacity stadiums, high-tech transport infrastructure, a well developed security system, ultra-modern accommodation facilities, effective drainage systems and the ability to effectively promote and market the event. Another requirement is for the country to have a well established national football team (David 2003:67). Stadium and Transport Infrastructure Information from online sources proved that the country has been doing its best in making sure that it is ready to host such a mega event. All the football stadiums are being refurbished and the repairs made. Expansions are being made so as to enable some stadiums to accommodate more people than usual. Roads that lead to the various stadiums are being repaired so as to enable easy movement to and from the venues. It is quite evident that preparations of these stadiums are being speeded up so as to ensure that they are ready by the time the tournament begins. The government has allocated money from its budget towards the preparation of this mega event. Most qualified construction experts have been hired so as to make the expansions and preparations a success. The country is doing all it can to reach its full potential in terms of preparedness and success. London has been found to be one of the best host cities for this event as it can host the event successfully. Construction, repair and preparation are being carried out effectively across all the host cities (Evans 2002:33). Hosting the tournament will not just be beneficial to the football fraternity in the country but will be beneficial to the whole country at large. The country is meant to benefit from the infrastructure especially in the host cities like London. The country has been developing the transport infrastructure so as to accommodate an influx in the number of road users during the event. Currently, city planners have been hired so as to redesign and recommend the best transport models in London so as to ensure that the city hosts the event without experiencing transport problems (Fitzroy 2005:22).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A lot of infrastructure projects have been put on the drawing board. Some have already been implemented and completed; others are still under implementation while others are awaiting implementation. 50 transport projects have been suggested, some of which have already been completed. 5 airports are supposed to undergo renovation and three of them have already started the work. In London, most of the preparation work has already been finished and some projects are still underway. It is one of the cities that have witnessed most of the implementation work. Plans are underway to construct another passenger terminus in the city’s international airport so as to accommodate the many passengers that will be flying in (Goldblatt 2002:38). In an effort to improve the transport sector, plans are underway to build a high-speed railway system across the city. This would ensure faster movement of people from one point of the city to the other. The road system connecting different parts of the city is being renovated so as to enable easier transportation from one point to the other. The construction and renovation is being done with the first priority being given to the most important projects. The government has channeled more than $11 billion in all these projects. In the long run, the benefits of hosting the event would be much more. The country is for instance expected to add more than $100 billion to its gross domestic income as a result of the event. More than 70000 jobs will be created. The tourism sector is expects to increase its total earnings due to the increase in the number of people visiting the country and from local tourist. Strategic management techniques are therefore being used to ensure that the event is a success (Grant 2002:25). The Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry has put the necessary measures in place so as to effectively handle the influx in the number of clients from all walks of life. According to the information from the Hilt on hotels website, it is quite evident that the hospitality industry is doing its best in making the event a success. Most hotels have acquired ultra-modern facilities so as to carter for the needs of the various customers. Most of them have embraced modern technology so as to ensure effective service delivery. Some of the hotels like the Hilton have developed their websites so as to allow for online booking and reservation. This has made it easier for the clients who do not have to travel to the place so as to make reservations. Most of them have installed touch screen tables to enhance service delivery. A customer does not have to speak to the waiter to make an order as he/she is able to click on the appropriate icon to make an order. This has made work easier and convenient. The hotels have high speed internet connections which are meant to serve internet users who are accommodated in these facilities. Satellite dishes have been installed so as to enable the customers to watch so me of the matches at the comforts of their rooms (Haberberg 2001:34). Some of the investors have taken it upon themselves to construct ultra-modern hotel facilities in the city so as to accommodate the many clients that would visit the country during the tournament. Some of the hotels have subsidized group bookings. Those customers who make bulk reservation are likely to get them at a lower price than those who were making the bookings individually. Some of the hotels are offering more than one service of simply offering the accommodation. Some of the extra services included; deep-sea tours, fishing for fun, surfing, and travelling services to various tourism sites. The transport system to these hotels has been upgraded so as to enable easy transportation (Johnson 2008:56). Security According to the findings, it is quite evident that the government is doing its best in enhancing security during the tournament. The government has put in place an effective security plan for the event. The countries Justice Minister has given assurance that his ministry is doing all it can to ensure that the event becomes a success. The police department intents to use the facial recognition software in effort to note and root out trouble makers before they can cause any security problem. The software is linked to the Robocop-style glasses that are able to identify individuals that are likely to be a danger to the security of the funs. The glasses are fitted with small cameras that are able to record people’s faces which are then sent to a central database for analysis (Mintzberg 1998:77). There is a public safety plan underway which would boost security of the funs. The number of security personnel to be deployed to the host cities will be increased for security purposes. CCTV cameras have already been fitted in the stadiums and other public places so as to help in detecting any security concerns especially during the event. The government has emphasized that the security personnel within the country is well equipped to handle any security threats although the minister said that his ministry was willing to collaborate with any other security force that would offer new ideas on enhancing the security of the people (Tarlow 2002:57). The government has promised to acquire more sophisticated devices that would be issued to the traffic police so as to enable them detect any explosive devises at a distance. The funs would be thoroughly inspected before getting into the respective stadiums so as to eliminate any security threats. All these measures would go a long way in making the event secure for the funs as well as the players. Promotion and Advertisement of the Event The country has put in place measures to enhance the advertisement and promotion of this great event. The country has linked up with associate companies like the Coca-Cola Company, Adidas, Sony, Ford, and Master Card among others. These are partners that have been very instrumental in spon soring the event in the past years. Measures have been put in place so as to carry out international marketing and promotions for the event. The ‘EURO 2012 London’ project has been started with the intention of showcasing London as the best host for the 2012 Euro cup tournament. The project is aimed at portraying the scenic beauty of the city and tourist destinations of the country and particularly in London. The security aspects and comforts of the various hotels and motels within the country have been highlighted. The art and culture of the English has been portrayed as superior and attractive. The country is has officially launched the ‘EURO 2012 London’ project so as to promote the event (Shone 2004:39). Efforts are being made both within and outside the country so as to enhance the promotional activities. The government has already negotiated with the local television and radio networks so as to give more time towards promoting the mega event. Online p romotions are also be used so as to market the event globally. The government is ready to establish a taskforce that would ensure that England teams up with other countries in promoting the event across the globe. London has ultra-modern facilities that would be vital for the funs who would visit during the event. The government has also shown commitment in renovating those facilities that are already won out and even acquire or construct new ones.(Menon 2010:47). Challenges Some of the greatest competitors in the EURO 2012 tournament bid are Ukraine and Poland. This are countries together with their capital cities have well developed football infrastructure like football stadiums, high class transport systems, well developed surveillance techniques and security systems. The countries have good hotel and accommodation facilities. The Poland for instance has numerous ultra modern accommodation facilities. The hotels are well furnished and have embraced the current technology in servi ce delivery. These countries have well established football clubs that have made them shine in the sport. They therefore pose a very big challenge to Londonin its bid to host the event. In the recent past, the world has been experiencing high inflation rates which have resulted in a slowdown in the economic growth in the nations across the globe. England has not been spared. The preparation and renovation activities are likely to over burden the tax payers. With the world economy still experiencing some fluctuations, it is likely that the quoted figures for the preparation might increase hence destabilizing the whole budget for the event. PESTEL Analysis There are various factors that would affect the decision making processes. The PESTEL analysis technique has been used in an effort to analyze some of these factors. The PESTEL model usually covers the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that are likely to influence the decision making process es while planning for an event some of these factors might result in various changes being made in the planning process (Wheelen 2004:85). Political Factors The government has put much effort in making sure that the country and London city in particular wins the bid for the EURO 2012 Cup tournament. The treasury has for instance set aside around $11 billion so as to cater for the preparation and renovation cost. The justice minister had made it clear that the government is also willing to step up the security measures so as to ensure that the event is carried out in a safe and secure environment. More security personnel will be deployed to the host city and more security equipment are being acquired for the purpose of the event. The renovation activities within the stadiums in London have already started and they will to be ready by the time of the event. The government has also made it clear that it would pay for extra promotion and advertisement activities in the local media. Econ omic Factors The world economy has been witnessing instability in the recent past. The inflation rates have been constantly rising across many nations. This has posed a challenge to the country in its quest to host the event. The quoted figure of $11 billion is likely to go up owing to such inflation. The construction material has become expensive and the workers are likely to demand for an increase in their pay. Even with such inflation, the country has been experiencing some small margin growth and it is bound to succeed in making the event a great success (Wiiliamson 2004). Social Factors The popularity of football has been growing at a very high rate across the globe especially among the young and middle aged population. Given that the world has very many young and middle age people, the event is likely to become a great success as more people would be willing to go and watch the game in person ( Menon 2010: 47). Technological Factors London as a city has generally embraced tech nological advancements in almost every sectors. This has been advantageous as technology has made it to be among the best hosts of such an event. In the hospitality industry for instance, hotel bookings have been made easier and less expensive as they can be done online. Most of them have ultra-modern facilities like touch screen tables, high speed internet connections and satellite dishes. All these have made service delivery effective, convenient and even entertaining. The security department has also employed the use of current technology in beefing up security in the country for the event. CCTV cameras, weapon detectors and the Robocop style glasses would all be used to screen people during security check ups. it is quite clear a high speed railway is to be constructed across London and this will make the movement of funs from one point of the city to he other easier and faster. Environmental Factors London is in the country that experience the four different seasons that is; sp ring, autumn, winter and summer. It is therefore upon the management to make sure that the event lies on a season that won’t be difficult for the players and funs to cope with. It might for instance be unwise if the event shall be scheduled for winter when it is too cold and the snow is falling. This would inconvenience the funs and players and it might not witness a higher turn out as expected. Legal Factors On the legal front, laws have been enacted to enhance environmental conservation and minimize pollution activities. Transport firms are for instance being encouraged to use electric vehicles and avoid vehicles that use fuel in an effort to conserve the environment and minimize global warming. This implies that more electric buses and cars have to be purchased for the purpose of transporting people within and across the towns and cities of England during the event. (Yeoman 2003:32). Conclusion The EURO 2012 tournament is a mega event that has to be hosted in a country th at has such capability. There have been many countries that have come forth to present their bid for hosting the EURO 2012 Cup tournament. It is however quite evident that London is well placed to host this event considering the fact that it has hosted major world events like the Olympic Games. The city has supportive infrastructure that would ensure that the event becomes a great success. The city has a well developed transport systems, modern telecommunication facilities as well as security infrastructure. The stadiums can hold high capacities and some of them are already undergoing renovation. The Hospitality industry has ultra modern facilities that put it at a better position to cater for the numerous clients from different parts of the globe. The government had set aside around $11 billion to facilitate in the renovation and preparation activities across the country especially in the host city. It is quite obvious that London is well placed to host the event (Gimpel 2008:33). Various challenges have however emerged and they might be hindering factors. For instance, the city faces much competition from other countries and cities like Kharkiv in Ukrraine and, Warsaw in Poland. These countries have the relevant infrastructure with strong national football teams. They have therefore posed a challenge to London’s bid. The other challenge has been the world economic crunch which has let to high inflation rates. This implies that most projects would turn out to be more expensive than the earlier predictions. All in all, the country is well placed to host the event as it has met all the UEFA requirements ( Wyludda 2009:22). List of References Allen, J. (2005) Festival and Special Event Management. Brisbane: Wiley Bowdin, G (2006) Events Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Campbell, D. (2004) Business strategy: An Introduction. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinmann Coulter, M. (2008) Strategic Management in action. New Jersey: PearsonPrenticeHall. David, F.R. (2003) Strategic Management and Concepts. New Jersey: PearsonPrenticeHall Evans, N. et al (2002) Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann Fitzroy, P. and Hulbert, J. (2005) Strategic Management. Creating Value in Turbulent Times. New York: Wiley. Goldblatt, J. 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(2003) Festival and Events Management: An international arts and culture  perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier This report on The Potential of London for the EURO 2012 Tournament was written and submitted by user Em1ly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.